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[20170725]关于备份集与备份片.txt
--//以前学习rman对于备份集与备份片这个概念也不是很清晰.
--//备份片(BACKUPPIECE)表示一个由RMAN产生备份的文件.用OS工具可以实实在在的看到. --//备份集(BACKUPSET)表示进行一次备份所产生的所有备份片集合,是一个逻辑上的概念.--//我的理解有点像表空间是一个逻辑的概念,里面可以有多过数据文件.还是通过例子说明:
1.环境:
SCOTT@book> @ &r/ver1 PORT_STRING VERSION BANNER ------------------------------ -------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx 11.2.0.4.0 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionRMAN> report schema ;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name BOOKList of Permanent Datafiles
=========================== File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------ 1 760 SYSTEM *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf 2 940 SYSAUX *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf 3 865 UNDOTBS1 *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf 4 128 USERS *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf 5 346 EXAMPLE *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf 6 40 TEA *** /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbfList of Temporary Files
======================= File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ----------- -------------------- 1 414 TEMP 32767 /mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf--//system表空间760M.
2.做一个测试:
$ cat aa.rman
run { allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; backup datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U'; release channel c1; }RMAN> @ aa.rman
RMAN> run
2> { 3> allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; 4> backup datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U'; 5> release channel c1; 6> } using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=68 device type=DISKStarting backup at 2017-07-25 15:54:30
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-25 15:54:30 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-25 15:54:31 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_1_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: starting piece 2 at 2017-07-25 15:54:31 channel c1: finished piece 2 at 2017-07-25 15:54:32 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_2_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: starting piece 3 at 2017-07-25 15:54:32 channel c1: finished piece 3 at 2017-07-25 15:54:33 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_3_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: starting piece 4 at 2017-07-25 15:54:33 channel c1: finished piece 4 at 2017-07-25 15:54:34 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_4_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: starting piece 5 at 2017-07-25 15:54:34 channel c1: finished piece 5 at 2017-07-25 15:54:35 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_5_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: starting piece 6 at 2017-07-25 15:54:35 channel c1: finished piece 6 at 2017-07-25 15:54:36 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_6_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: starting piece 7 at 2017-07-25 15:54:36 channel c1: finished piece 7 at 2017-07-25 15:54:37 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_7_1 tag=TAG20170725T155430 comment=NONE channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 Finished backup at 2017-07-25 15:54:37Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-25 15:54:37
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_25/o1_mf_s_950284477_dqfy9xq3_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-25 15:54:38released channel: c1
RMAN> **end-of-file**
$ ls -l /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:30 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_1_1 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:31 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_2_1 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:32 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_3_1 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:33 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_4_1 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:34 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_5_1 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104857600 2017-07-25 15:54:35 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_6_1 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50921472 2017-07-25 15:54:36 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_7_1--//看到的这些文件就是备份片.
--//而整个备份片就构成了备机集.而且这个备份实际上2个备份片,另外一个控制文件以及spfile的备份集.具体看下面的视图查询.3.通过视图说明问题:
SCOTT@book> select recid,piece#,handle,tag,set_count from V$BACKUP_PIECE where tag='TAG20170725T155430'; RECID PIECE# HANDLE TAG SET_COUNT ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------- 202 1 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_1_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 203 2 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_2_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 204 3 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_3_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 205 4 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_4_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 206 5 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_5_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 207 6 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_6_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 208 7 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_f7sa8c5m_7_1 TAG20170725T155430 487 7 rows selected.SCOTT@book> column handle format a100
SCOTT@book> select recid,piece#,handle,tag,set_count from V$BACKUP_PIECE where set_count=488; RECID PIECE# HANDLE TAG SET_COUNT ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---------- 209 1 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_25/o1_mf_s_950284477_dqfy9xq3_.bkp TAG20170725T155437 488--//备份集可以查询V$BACKUP_SET_DETAILS,V$BACKUP_SET视图.
SCOTT@book> select * from V$BACKUP_SET; RECID STAMP SET_STAMP SET_COUNT B CON INCREMENTAL_LEVEL PIECES START_TIME COMPLETION_TIME ELAPSED_SECONDS BLOCK_SIZE INP KEE KEEP_UNTIL KEEP_OPTION MUL ----- ---------- ---------- ---------- - --- ----------------- ------ ------------------- ------------------- --------------- ---------- --- --- ---------- ----------- --- 201 950284476 950284470 487 D NO 7 2017-07-25 15:54:30 2017-07-25 15:54:36 6 8192 NO NO NO 202 950284477 950284477 488 D YES 1 2017-07-25 15:54:37 2017-07-25 15:54:37 0 16384 NO NO NOSCOTT@book> @ &r/pt2 'select * from V$BACKUP_SET_DETAILS' old 6: from table(xmlsequence(cursor( &1 ))) new 6: from table(xmlsequence(cursor( select * from V$BACKUP_SET_DETAILS ))) ROW_NUM COL_NUM COL_NAME COL_VALUE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------- 1 1 SESSION_KEY 451 2 SESSION_RECID 451 3 SESSION_STAMP 950284466 4 BS_KEY 201 5 RECID 201 6 STAMP 950284476 7 SET_STAMP 950284470 8 SET_COUNT 487 9 BACKUP_TYPE D 10 CONTROLFILE_INCLUDED NO 11 PIECES 7 12 START_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:30 13 COMPLETION_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:36 14 ELAPSED_SECONDS 6 15 BLOCK_SIZE 8192 16 KEEP NO 17 DEVICE_TYPE DISK 18 COMPRESSED NO 19 NUM_COPIES 1 20 OUTPUT_BYTES 680009728 21 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES 796925952 22 COMPRESSION_RATIO 1.1719331638737968172125914057511836066 23 STATUS A 24 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES 132820992 25 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES 113334954.666666666666666666666666666667 26 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 760.01M 27 OUTPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 648.51M 28 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 126.67M 29 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 108.08M 30 TIME_TAKEN_DISPLAY 00:00:06 31 ENCRYPTED NO 32 BACKED_BY_OSB NO Press Enter to view next row...
ROW_NUM COL_NUM COL_NAME COL_VALUE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- 2 1 SESSION_KEY 451 2 SESSION_RECID 451 3 SESSION_STAMP 950284466 4 BS_KEY 202 5 RECID 202 6 STAMP 950284477 7 SET_STAMP 950284477 8 SET_COUNT 488 9 BACKUP_TYPE D 10 CONTROLFILE_INCLUDED YES 11 PIECES 1 12 START_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:37 13 COMPLETION_TIME 2017-07-25 15:54:37 14 ELAPSED_SECONDS 0 15 BLOCK_SIZE 16384 16 KEEP NO 17 DEVICE_TYPE DISK 18 COMPRESSED NO 19 NUM_COPIES 1 20 OUTPUT_BYTES 10764288 21 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES 10698754 22 COMPRESSION_RATIO 1 23 STATUS A 24 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES 10698754 25 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES 10764288 26 ORIGINAL_INPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.20M 27 OUTPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.27M 28 ORIGINAL_INPRATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.20M 29 OUTPUT_RATE_BYTES_DISPLAY 10.27M 30 TIME_TAKEN_DISPLAY 00:00:00 31 ENCRYPTED NO 32 BACKED_BY_OSB NO 64 rows selected.--//两者结合起来就很容易理解这些基本概念.
4.补充测试:
$ cat aa.rman run { allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; allocate channel c2 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; allocate channel c3 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U'; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; }RMAN> @ aa.rman
RMAN> run
2> { 3> allocate channel c1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; 4> allocate channel c2 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; 5> allocate channel c3 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m; 6> backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U'; 7> release channel c1; 8> release channel c2; 9> release channel c3; 10> } using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=68 device type=DISKallocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=80 device type=DISKallocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=90 device type=DISKStarting backup at 2017-07-26 08:56:02
released channel: c1 released channel: c2 released channel: c3 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 07/26/2017 08:56:02 RMAN-06808: SECTION SIZE cannot be used when piece limit is in effectRMAN> **end-of-file**
--//报错.修改如下,注意要退出rman在执行,不然SECTION SIZE cannot be used when piece limit is in effect依旧有效.
$ cat aa.rman run { allocate channel c1 device type disk; allocate channel c2 device type disk; allocate channel c3 device type disk; backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U'; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; }RMAN> @ aa.rman
RMAN> run
2> { 3> allocate channel c1 device type disk; 4> allocate channel c2 device type disk; 5> allocate channel c3 device type disk; 6> backup as backupset section size 100M datafile 1 format '/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_%U'; 7> release channel c1; 8> release channel c2; 9> release channel c3; 10> } using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=68 device type=DISKallocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=80 device type=DISKallocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=90 device type=DISKStarting backup at 2017-07-26 08:57:58
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 1 through 12800 channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-26 08:57:59 channel c2: starting full datafile backup set channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 12801 through 25600 channel c2: starting piece 2 at 2017-07-26 08:57:59 channel c3: starting full datafile backup set channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 25601 through 38400 channel c3: starting piece 3 at 2017-07-26 08:57:59 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_1_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 38401 through 51200 channel c1: starting piece 4 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00 channel c2: finished piece 2 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_2_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel c2: starting full datafile backup set channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 51201 through 64000 channel c2: starting piece 5 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00 channel c3: finished piece 3 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_3_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel c3: starting full datafile backup set channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 64001 through 76800 channel c3: starting piece 6 at 2017-07-26 08:58:00 channel c1: finished piece 4 at 2017-07-26 08:58:01 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_4_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 76801 through 89600 channel c1: starting piece 7 at 2017-07-26 08:58:01 channel c2: finished piece 5 at 2017-07-26 08:58:01 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_5_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel c2: starting full datafile backup set channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf backing up blocks 89601 through 97280 channel c2: starting piece 8 at 2017-07-26 08:58:02 channel c3: finished piece 6 at 2017-07-26 08:58:02 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_6_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 channel c1: finished piece 7 at 2017-07-26 08:58:03 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_7_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 channel c2: finished piece 8 at 2017-07-26 08:58:03 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_8_1 tag=TAG20170726T085758 comment=NONE channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2017-07-26 08:58:03Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-26 08:58:03
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_26/o1_mf_s_950345883_dqht8v4k_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-07-26 08:58:04released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
RMAN> **end-of-file**
SCOTT@book> select recid,piece#,handle,tag,set_count from V$BACKUP_PIECE where tag like 'TAG20170726T085%'; RECID PIECE# HANDLE TAG SET_COUNT ----- ------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------- 218 1 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_1_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 219 2 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_2_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 220 3 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_3_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 221 4 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_4_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 222 5 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_5_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 223 6 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_6_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 224 7 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_7_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 225 8 /home/oracle/backup/datafile1_fbsaa84n_8_1 TAG20170726T085758 491 226 1 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BOOK/autobackup/2017_07_26/o1_mf_s_950345883_dqht8v4k_.bkp TAG20170726T085803 499 9 rows selected.
--//虽然建立3个通道,但是建立2个备份集.
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